Toyota 4Runner: System Description

Toyota 4Runner Service Manual / Audio / Visual / Telematics / Navigation / Multi Info Display / Navigation System / System Description

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

1. NAVIGATION SYSTEM OUTLINE

(a) Vehicle position tracking methods

It is essential that the navigation system correctly tracks the current vehicle position and displays it on the map. There are 2 methods to track the current vehicle position: autonomous (dead reckoning) and GPS* (satellite) navigation. Both navigation methods are used in conjunction with each other.

*: GPS (Global Positioning System)

Operation	Description
Vehicle Position Calculation	The navigation receiver assembly calculates the current vehicle position (direction and current position) using the direction deviation signal from the gyro sensor and driving distance signal from the vehicle speed sensor and creates the driving route.
Map Display Processing	The navigation receiver assembly processes the vehicle position data, vehicle driving track and map data from the SD card.
Map Matching	The map data from the SD card is compared to the vehicle position and driving track data. Then, the vehicle position is matched with the nearest road.
GPS Correction	The vehicle position is matched to the position measured by the GPS. Then, the GPS measurement position data is compared with the vehicle position and driving track data. If the position is very different, the GPS measurement position is used.
Distance Correction	The vehicle speed signal includes the error caused by tire wear and slippage between the tires and road surface. Distance correction is performed to account for this. The navigation receiver assembly automatically offsets the signal to make up for the difference between it and the distance data of the map. The offset is automatically updated.

HINT:

The combination of autonomous and GPS navigation makes it possible to display the vehicle position even when the vehicle is in places where GPS signals cannot be received. When only autonomous navigation is used, however, the mapping accuracy may slightly decrease.

(b) Autonomous navigation

This method determines the relative vehicle position based on the driving track determined by the gyro located in the navigation receiver assembly and the vehicle speed signal.

(1) Gyro sensor

Used to calculate the direction by detecting angular velocity. It is located in the navigation receiver assembly.

(2) Vehicle speed signal

Used to calculate the vehicle driving distance.

This method detects the absolute vehicle position using radio waves from GPS satellites.

*: GPS satellites were launched by the U.S. Department of Defense for military purposes.

Number of Satellites	Measurement	Description
2 or less	Measurement is impossible	Vehicle position cannot be obtained because the number of satellites is not enough.
3	2-dimensional measurement is possible	Vehicle position is obtained based on the current longitude and latitude. (This is less precise than 3-dimensional measurement.)
4	3-dimensional measurement is possible	Vehicle position is obtained based on the current longitude, latitude and altitude.

(d) Map matching

The current driving route is calculated by autonomous navigation (according to the gyro sensor and vehicle speed signal) and GPS navigation. This information is then compared with possible road shapes from the map data in the SD card and the vehicle position is set onto the most appropriate road.

(e) Touch switch

Touch switches are touch-sensitive (interactive) switches operated by touching the screen. When a switch is pressed, the outer film bends in to contact the inner glass at the pressed position. By doing this, the voltage ratio is measured and the pressed position is detected.

2. CD (Compact Disc) PLAYER OUTLINE

(a) A compact disc player uses a laser pickup to read digital signals recorded on a compact disc (CD). By converting the digital signals to analog, it can play music and audio.

CAUTION:

Do not look directly at the laser pickup because the CD player uses an invisible laser beam. Be sure to operate the player only as instructed.

NOTICE:

Do not disassemble any part of the CD player.
Do not apply oil to the CD player.
Do not insert anything but a CD into the CD player.

(b) Usable discs

(1) This player can play only audio CDs, CD-Rs (CD-Recordable) and CD-RWs (CD-ReWritable) that have any of the following marks:

SACD
DTS CD
Copy-protected CD
Super Video CD
DVD audio
DVD-RAM

(d) Precautions for use of discs

NOTICE:

CD-Rs and CD-RWs may not be played depending on the recording conditions or characteristics of the discs, or due to damage, dirt or deterioration caused by leaving the discs in the cabin for a long time.
Unfinalized CD-Rs and CD-RWs cannot be played.
CD-Rs and CD-RWs are more easily affected by a hot and humid environment than discs used for normal audio CDs. For this reason, some CD-Rs and CD-RWs may not play.
If there are fingerprints or scratches on a disc, the disc may not play or the disc may skip.
Some CD-Rs and CD-RWs may deteriorate if they are left in the cabin for a long time.
Keep CD-Rs and CD-RWs in an opaque case.
SECAM color television standard discs cannot be played.
DualDiscs that mate DVD recorded material on one side with CD digital audio material on the other cannot be played.
Keep the discs away from dirt. Be careful not to damage the discs or leave fingerprints on them.
Hold discs by the outer edge and center hole with the label side up.
Leaving the disc exposed halfway out of the slot for a long time after pressing the disc eject button may cause deformation of the disc, making the disc unusable.
If discs have adhesive tape, stickers, disc labels or any traces of such labels attached, the discs may not be ejected or player malfunctions may result.
Keep the discs away from direct sunlight. (Exposure to direct sunlight may cause deformation of the disc, making the disc unusable.)
Do not use odd-shaped discs because these may cause player malfunctions.
Do not use discs whose recording portion is transparent or translucent because they may not be inserted, ejected or played normally.
Use only 4.7 in. (12 cm) disc.
Do not use 3 in. (8 cm) CDs either with or without adaptors.

HINT:

When it is cold or raining, if the windows fog up, mist and condensation may form in the player. In such cases, the disc may skip or stop in the middle of play. Ventilate or dehumidify the cabin for a while before using the player.
The disc may skip if the player experiences strong vibrations when the vehicle is driven on rough roads or similar uneven surfaces.

(e) Cleaning

NOTICE:

Do not use a lens cleaner because it may cause a malfunction in the pickup portion of the player.

(1) If dirt is on the disc surface, wipe it clean with a soft dry cloth such as an eyeglass cleaner for plastic lenses from the inside to the outside in a radial direction.

NOTICE:

Pressing on the disc by hand or rubbing the disc with a hard cloth may scratch the disc surface.
Use of solvents such as record spray, antistatic agents, alcohol, benzine, thinners or a chemical cloth may cause damage to the disc, making the disc unusable.

3. MP3/WMA/AAC OUTLINE

(a) Playable MP3 file standards

Compatible standard	MPEG1 LAYER3, MPEG2 LSF LAYER3
Compatible sampling frequency	MPEG1 LAYER3: 32, 44.1, 48 (kHz) MPEG2 LSF LAYER3: 16, 22.05, 24 (kHz)
Compatible bit rate	MPEG1 LAYER3: 32 to 320 (kbps) MPEG2 LSF LAYER3: 8 to 160 (kbps) Compatible with VBR
Compatible channel mode	Stereo, joint stereo, dual channel, monaural

(b) Playable WMA file standards

Compatible standard	WMA Ver. 7, 8, and 9
Compatible sampling frequency	32, 44.1, 48 (kHz)
Compatible bit rate (Only compatible with 2-channel playback)	Ver. 7, 8: CBR 48 to 192 (kbps) Ver. 9: CBR 48 to 320 (kbps) Compatible with VBR

Compatible standard	MPEG4/AAC-LC
Compatible sampling frequency	11.025, 12, 16, 22.05, 24, 32, 44.1, 48 (kHz)
Compatible bit rate	16 to 320 (kbps) Compatible with VBR

(d) ID3 tag, WMA tag and AAC tag

(1) Additional text information called an ID3 tag can be input to MP3 files. Information such as song titles and artist names can be stored.

HINT:

This player is compatible with ID3 tags of ID3 Ver. 1.0 and 1.1, and ID3 Ver. 2.2 and 2.3. (Number of characters complies with ID3 Ver. 1.0 and 1.1.)

(2) Additional text information called a WMA tag can be input to WMA files. Information such as song titles and artist names can be stored.

(3) Additional text information called AAC tag can be input to AAC files. Information such as song title and artist names can be stored.

(e) Usable media

(1) Only CD-ROMs, CD-Rs (CD-Recordable), CD-RWs (CD-ReWritable) and USB device can be used to play MP3/WMA/AAC files.

NOTICE:

CD-Rs and CD-RWs are more easily affected by a hot and humid environment than discs used for normal audio CDs. For this reason, some CD-Rs and CD-RWs may not play.
If there are fingerprints or scratches on a disc, the disc may not play or the CD may skip.
Some CD-Rs and CD-RWs may deteriorate if they are left in the cabin for a long time.
Keep CD-Rs and CD-RWs in an opaque case.

(f) Usable media format

(1) Usable media format

Disc format	CD-ROM Mode 1, CD-ROM XA Mode 2 Form 1
File format	ISO9660 Level 1 and Level 2 (Joliet, Romeo)

HINT:

MP3/WMA/AAC files written in any unlisted format may not be played normally or the file names or folder names may not be displayed correctly.
This player is compatible with multi-session discs and can play CD-Rs and CD-RWs on which MP3/WMA/AAC files have been added. However, only the first session can be played.
Discs whose first session includes both music data and MP3, WMA and AAC format data cannot be played.

(2) Standards and restrictions

Maximum directory levels	8 levels
Maximum number of characters for a folder name/file name	32 characters
Maximum number of folders	192 (Including empty folders, route folders, and folders that do not contain MP3/WMA/AAC files)
Maximum number of files in a disc	255 (Including non-MP3/WMA/AAC files)

(g) File names

(1) Only files with an extension of ".mp3", ".wma" and ".m4a" can be recognized and played as MP3, WMA or AAC files.

(2) Save MP3, WMA or AAC files with an extension of ".mp3", ".wma" or ".m4a".

NOTICE:

If non-MP3, non-WMA or non-AAC files are saved with an extension of ".mp3", ".wma" or ".m4a", those files may be wrongly recognized as MP3, WMA or AAC files and played. A loud noise may occur and damage to the speakers may result.

4. "Bluetooth" OUTLINE

Text in Illustration

*1	Cellular Phone ("Bluetooth" compatible type)	*2	Navigation Receiver Assembly (Built-in "Bluetooth" receiver antenna)
*3	Portable Audio Player ("Bluetooth" compatible type)	-	-
*a	Example	*b	Cellular Network
*c	"Bluetooth" Wireless Connection	-	-

(a) "Bluetooth" is a trademark owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc.

(b) "Bluetooth" is a wireless connection technology that uses the 2.4 GHz frequency band.

HINT:

The communication performance of "Bluetooth" may vary depending on obstructions or radio wave conditions between communication devices, electromagnetic radiation, communication device sensitivity or antenna capacity.

(1) The "Bluetooth" built-in navigation receiver assembly and a "Bluetooth" compatible cellular phone*1 can be connected using a "Bluetooth" wireless connection. This enables the use of the hands-free function on the cellular phone even if the phone is in a pocket or bag. For this reason, it is not necessary to use a connector or cable to connect the cellular phone.

*1: Some versions of "Bluetooth" compatible cellular phones may not function.

(2) Compatible hands-free devices

Required "Bluetooth" specifications	Ver. 2.0 or higher (Ver. 3.0+EDR or higher recommended)
Compatible profiles	HFP (Hands Free Profile) Ver.1.0 or higher (Ver.1.6 or higher recommended)1 OPP (Object Push Profile) Ver.1.1 or higher (Ver.1.2 or higher recommended)1 PBAP (Phone Book Access Profile) Ver.1.0 or higher (Ver.1.1 or higher recommended)1 MAP (Message Access Profile) Ver.1.0 or higher2 SPP (Serial Port Profile) Ver.1.1 or higher*3
Maximum number of hands-free devices that can be registered (including audio devices)	5

*1:This profile is necessary when using the hands-free function.
*2:This profile is necessary when using the message function.
*3:This profile is necessary when using the Entune function.

HINT:

The amount of remaining battery charge displayed on the navigation receiver assembly may be different from that of the "Bluetooth" device.

(d) "Bluetooth" audio function

(1) The "Bluetooth" built-in navigation receiver assembly and a "Bluetooth" compatible portable audio player*2 can be connected using a "Bluetooth" wireless connection. This enables files stored in the portable audio player to be heard from the vehicle speakers. In addition, operations such as play/stop can be performed directly from the navigation receiver assembly.

*2: Some versions of "Bluetooth" compatible audio players may not be able to operate the "Bluetooth" function, or music may play, but functions available using the navigation receiver assembly may be limited.

(2) Compatible "Bluetooth" audio devices

Required "Bluetooth" specifications	Ver. 2.0 or higher (Ver. 3.0+EDR or higher recommended)
Compatible profiles	A2DP (Advanced Audio Distribution Profile) Ver. 1.0 or higher (Ver. 1.2 or higher recommended) AVRCP (Audio/Video Remote Control Profile) Ver. 1.0 or higher (Ver. 1.4 or higher recommended)
Maximum number of audio devices that can be registered	5

HINT:

The amount of remaining battery charge displayed on the navigation receiver assembly may be different from that of the "Bluetooth" device.

5. RADIO DESCRIPTION

(a) Radio frequency band

(1) Radio broadcasts use the radio frequency bands shown in the table below.

(b) Service area

(1) The service areas of AM and FM broadcasts are vastly different. Sometimes an AM broadcast can be received very clearly but an FM stereo broadcast cannot. FM stereo has the smallest service area, and is prone to pick up static and other types of interference such as noise.

Text in Illustration

*a	FM (Stereo)
*b	FM (Monaural)
*c	AM

HINT:

In addition to static, other problems such as "phasing", "multipath" and "fade out" exist. These problems are not caused by electrical noise, but by the radio signal propagation method itself.

(1) Phasing

AM broadcasts are susceptible to electrical interference and another kind of interference called phasing. Occurring only at night, phasing is the interference created when a vehicle receives 2 radio wave signals from the same transmitter. One signal is reflected off the ionosphere and the other signal is received directly from the transmitter.

Text in Illustration

*a	Phasing
*b	Ionosphere

(2) Multipath

Multipath is a type of interference created when a vehicle receives 2 radio wave signals from the same transmitter. One signal is reflected off buildings or mountains and the other signal is received directly from the transmitter.

Text in Illustration

Multipath

(3) Fade out

Fade out is caused by objects (buildings, mountains and other such large obstacles) that deflect away part of a signal, resulting in a weaker signal when the object is between the transmitter and vehicle. High frequency radio waves, such as FM broadcasts, are easily deflected by obstructions. Low frequency radio waves, such as AM broadcasts, are less likely to deflect.

Text in Illustration

Fade Out

(d) Noise problem

Technicians must have a clear understanding about each customer's noise complaint. Use the following table to diagnose noise problems.

Radio Frequency	Noise Occurrence Condition	Presumable Cause
AM	Noise occurs in a specific area	Foreign noise
	Noise occurs when listening to an intermittent broadcast	An identical program transmitted from multiple towers can cause noise where the signals overlap
	Noise occurs only at night	Signal phasing
FM	Noise occurs while driving in a specified area	Multipath resulting from a change in FM frequency

6. "HD Radio" FUNCTION OUTLINE (w/ HD Radio Function)

(a) "HD Radio" system is a radio system that broadcasts in the IBOC (In-Band On-Channel) form that the iBiquity Co. has developed. By expanding the bandwidth per channel of conventional FM/AM bands, digital audio and data signals are additionally transmitted.

"HD Radio" Technology manufactured under license from iBiquity Digital Corporation. U.S. and Foreign Patents. "HD Radio" and the HD and HD Radio logos are proprietary trademarks of iBiquity Digital Corporation.

The information for the music currently being listened to is stored in the system and transmitted to the "iPod" connected to the system. The information transferred to the "iPod" can be used for purchasing the music through "iTunes" music store.

Also, traffic and weather information can be received and displayed on navigation screen.

7. SDARS SYSTEM FUNCTION OUTLINE (w/ SDARS System)

(a) Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service (SDARS) is a satellite digital radio broadcast provided by Sirius XM Radio Inc. The broadcast (pay-type) is performed through satellites and terrestrial repeater networks. Several unique channels are available, and even if a vehicle changes locations, the same information can be received without breaks. Information such as song names, broadcast station names, etc. can be received. Also, traffic information can be received and displayed on the navigation screen.

NOTICE:

To receive audio-visual pay-type broadcasts, the customer must enter into a pay-type contract with XM Satellite Radio Inc. After entering into a contract, registration of the XM Radio ID is necessary. Also, if parts are replaced, the XM Radio ID must be re-registered.

HINT:

When disconnecting the cable from the negative (-) battery terminal, the broadcast station logo data will be initialized. It takes a while until the broadcast station logo data is updated to the latest one.

8. ENTUNE FUNCTION OUTLINE (w/ Entune Function)

(a) Entune is a service that enables Entune applications and content of a cellular phone to be displayed on and operated from the navigation receiver assembly screen. As "Bluetooth" communication is used for the communication between a cellular phone and the navigation receiver assembly, before using the Entune service on the navigation system, the cellular phone needs to be registered with the navigation system as a "Bluetooth" device. For details regarding Entune operations, each of the applications and compatible phones, refer to http://www.toyota.com/entune/.

9. RBDS FUNCTION OUTLINE (w/ RBDS Function)

(a) The Radio Broadcast Data System (RBDS) is broadcast through conventional FM radio broadcasts. Information such as song names, traffic information, broadcast station names, etc. can be received.

10. USB AUDIO SYSTEM FUNCTION OUTLINE

(a) The No. 1 stereo jack adapter assembly is equipped with a USB terminal. Connecting a USB device or "iPod" to the No. 1 stereo jack adapter assembly allows music files to be played. Not only is it possible to play music from a USB device with audio functions, is also possible to play MP3, WMA or AAC music files that are stored on a USB device. In addition, "iPod" control software is installed, allowing file selection from playlists and operation using shuffle mode.

HINT:

Operation through the controls of a USB device or "iPod" cannot be performed while it is connected.

(b) USB audio system compatible model

(1) USB device

The following device formats can be used:

Compatible USB device formats

USB communication format: USB 2.0 HS (480Mbps) and FS (12Mbps)
File format: FAT16/32 (Windows)
Class: Mass storage class

MP3, WMA and AAC files written in any format other than those listed above may not play correctly, and their names and folder names may not be displayed correctly.

Items related to standards and limitations are as follows:

Maximum directory hierarchy: 8 levels
Maximum number of folders in device: 3000 (including the root folder)
Maximum number of files in device: 9999
Maximum number of files per folder: 255

(2) "iPod"

"iPhone", "iPod", "iPod classic", "iPod nano" and "iPod touch" are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.

The following "iPod", "iPod nano", "iPod classic", "iPod touch" and "iPhone" devices can be used with this system.

Made for

"iPod touch" (5th generation)*
"iPod touch" (4th generation)
"iPod touch" (3rd generation)
"iPod touch" (2nd generation)
"iPod touch" (1st generation)
"iPod classic"
"iPod with video"
"iPod nano" (7th generation)*
"iPod nano" (6th generation)
"iPod nano" (5th generation)
"iPod nano" (4th generation)
"iPod nano" (3rd generation)
"iPhone 6 Plus"*
"iPhone 6"*
"iPhone 5S"*
"iPhone 5C"*
"iPhone 5"*
"iPhone 4S"
"iPhone 4"
"iPhone 3GS"
"iPhone 3G"
"iPhone"

*: iPod video not supported

HINT:

Depending on differences between models or software versions etc., some models might be incompatible with this system.

11. CUSTOMIZE STARTUP IMAGE OR SCREEN OFF IMAGE FUNCTION OUTLINE

(a) An image can be copied from a USB device. The image can be used as the startup image or screen off image of the navigation system.

12. AUTOMATIC SOUND LEVELIZER (ASL) FUNCTION OUTLINE

(a) The Automatic Sound Levelizer (ASL) function automatically adjusts the audio system volume level in order to compensate for increased vehicle noise (vehicle noise tends to increase as vehicle speed increases). The ASL adjusts the volume level based upon vehicle speed signals that it receives from the combination meter assembly.

13. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

(a) AVC-LAN Outline

(1) Components of the navigation system communicate with each other via the AVC-LAN.

(2) The AVC-LAN uses a twisted pair of wires for its communication lines.

(3) The master unit of the AVC-LAN is the navigation receiver assembly.

HINT:

The navigation receiver assembly has the resistance (60 to 80 Ω) necessary for communication.
If a short or open circuit occurs in the AVC-LAN circuit, communication is interrupted and the system will not operate normally.

(b) CAN Communication Outline

(1) The navigation system uses CAN communication between the navigation receiver assembly and ECUs.

(1) The navigation system uses LVDS communication, between the navigation receiver assembly and stereo component tuner assembly.

(2) If a short or open circuit occurs in the LVDS communication line, communication is interrupted and the system will not operate normally.

14. DIAGNOSTIC FUNCTION OUTLINE

(a) The navigation system has a diagnostic function (the result is indicated on the master unit).

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